The Javan rhino is probably the world’s most-endangered mammal, found only in one park in Indonesia when it once roamed all over Southeast Asia.  A new headcount by wildlife officials found only 58 of the one-horned animals – which is actually an increase a few years ago.

“Based on monitoring in 2013, we found that the Javan rhino population stands at 58, consisting of eight calves and 50 young and adult rhinos,” Muhamad Haryono of Java’s Ujung Kulon National Park said, adding that monitoring in 2012 identified only 52 individual rhinos.  Technically, the Javan Rhino population increased by 10 percent.

According to the WWF, the Javan Rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus) is probably the rarest among large mammals on the planet.  It’s listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN Red List.  The small population and likely isolation to one protected area in Indonesia make it extremely vulnerable to threats such as inbreeding, poaching, and disease.  In addition, Ujung Kulon National Park is a volcanic hotspot on the far western tip of Java, meaning that a sizeable eruption could conceivably wipe out the remaining population.

There are no Javan Rhinos in any zoo, anywhere.  And poachers in Vietnam killed the last Javan Rhino on mainland Southeast Asia in 2010.